Cututtukan neurodegenerative(NDDs) ana siffanta su ta hanyar ci gaba ko asarar takamammen yawan jama'a masu rauni a cikin kwakwalwa ko kashin baya. Rarraba NDDs na iya dogara ne akan nau'o'i daban-daban, ciki har da rarrabawar jiki na neurodegeneration (kamar cututtuka na extrapyramidal, rashin lafiyar gaba, ko spinocerebellar ataxias), rashin lafiyar kwayoyin halitta (kamar amyloid-β, prions, tau, ko α-synuclein), ko manyan cututtuka na asibiti (synuclein sclerosis, trophic sclerosis). da dementia). Duk da waɗannan bambance-bambance a cikin rarrabuwa da bayyanar cututtuka, cututtuka irin su Cutar Parkinson (PD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), da Alzheimer's Disease (AD) suna raba hanyoyin da aka saba da su da ke haifar da rashin aiki na neuronal da kuma mutuwar kwayar halitta.
Yayin da miliyoyin mutane a duniya ke fama da cutar NDDs, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta kiyasta cewa nan da shekara ta 2040, wadannan cututtuka za su zama na biyu wajen haddasa mace-mace a kasashen da suka ci gaba. Duk da yake akwai jiyya daban-daban da ke akwai don ragewa da sarrafa alamun da ke tattare da takamaiman cututtuka, ingantattun hanyoyi don ragewa ko warkar da ci gaban waɗannan yanayin ba su da wahala. Bincike na baya-bayan nan ya nuna canji a cikin sifofin jiyya daga sarrafa alamun kawai zuwa amfani da hanyoyin kariya ta salula don hana ci gaba da lalacewa. Shaidu masu yawa sun nuna cewa danniya na oxidative da kumburi suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin neurodegeneration, sanya waɗannan hanyoyin a matsayin maƙasudai masu mahimmanci don kariyar salon salula. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, bincike na tushe da na asibiti ya bayyana yiwuwar Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) a cikin magance cututtuka na neurodegenerative.
Fahimtar Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT)
HBOT yawanci ya ƙunshi ƙara matsa lamba zuwa sama da cikakken yanayi na 1 (ATA) - matsa lamba a matakin teku - na tsawon mintuna 90-120, galibi yana buƙatar lokuta da yawa dangane da takamaiman yanayin da ake bi da su. Ingantattun matsa lamba na iska yana inganta isar da iskar oxygen zuwa sel, wanda hakan ke haifar da yaduwar kwayar halitta kuma yana haɓaka hanyoyin warkarwa ta hanyar wasu abubuwan haɓaka.
Asali, aikace-aikacen HBOT an kafa shi akan dokar Boyle-Marriott, wanda ke ba da raguwar dogaro da matsin lamba na kumfa gas, tare da fa'idodin matakan iskar oxygen a cikin kyallen takarda. Akwai nau'ikan cututtukan cututtukan da aka sani don amfana daga yanayin hyperoxic da HBOT ya samar, gami da kyallen necrotic, raunin radiation, rauni, ƙonawa, ciwo na yanki, da gangrene gas, da sauran waɗanda Undersea da Hyperbaric Medical Society suka jera. Musamman ma, HBOT ya kuma nuna inganci a matsayin jiyya na haɗin gwiwa a cikin nau'o'in kumburi ko cututtuka daban-daban, irin su colitis da sepsis. Idan aka ba da hanyoyin rigakafin kumburi da oxidative, HBOT yana ba da babbar dama a matsayin hanyar warkewa don cututtukan neurodegenerative.
Nazarin Preclinical na Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy a cikin Cututtukan Neurodegenerative: Hanyoyi daga Model Mouse na 3 × Tg
Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun karatumai da hankali kan tsarin linzamin kwamfuta na 3 × Tg na cutar Alzheimer (AD), wanda ya nuna yuwuwar warkewa na HBOT a cikin haɓaka ƙarancin fahimi. Binciken ya ƙunshi mice 3 × Tg namiji mai watanni 17 idan aka kwatanta da mice C57BL/6 mai watanni 14 da ke aiki azaman sarrafawa. Nazarin ya nuna cewa HBOT ba kawai inganta aikin fahimi ba amma kuma ya rage yawan ƙumburi, nauyin plaque, da Tau phosphorylation-wani tsari mai mahimmanci da ke hade da ilimin cututtuka na AD.
Sakamakon kariya na HBOT an danganta shi da raguwa a cikin neuroinflammation. An tabbatar da wannan ta hanyar raguwar haɓakar microglial, astrogliosis, da ɓoyewar cytokines masu kumburi. Wadannan binciken sun jaddada rawar biyu na HBOT a cikin haɓaka aikin fahimi yayin da lokaci guda rage matakan ƙwayoyin cuta masu alaƙa da cutar Alzheimer.
Wani samfurin daidaitaccen tsari ya yi amfani da 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mice don kimanta hanyoyin kariya na HBOT akan aikin neuronal da ƙarfin motsa jiki. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa HBOT ya ba da gudummawar haɓaka aikin motsa jiki da ƙarfi a cikin waɗannan berayen, yana daidaitawa tare da haɓakar siginar mitochondrial biogenesis, musamman ta hanyar kunna SIRT-1, PGC-1a, da TFAM. Wannan yana nuna muhimmancin aikin mitochondrial a cikin tasirin neuroprotective na HBOT.
Hanyoyin HBOT a cikin Cututtukan Neurodegenerative
Ƙa'idar amfani da HBOT don NDDs ta ta'allaka ne a cikin dangantaka tsakanin rage yawan iskar oxygen da mai sauƙi ga canje-canje na neurodegenerative. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a matsayin nau'in rubutun da ke ba da damar daidaitawar salula zuwa ƙananan tashin hankali na oxygen kuma yana da tasiri a cikin NDDs daban-daban ciki har da AD, PD, Huntington's Disease, da ALS, suna alama a matsayin maƙasudin magunguna.
Saboda tsufa yana da mahimmancin haɗari ga cututtuka masu yawa na neurodegenerative, bincikar tasirin HBOT akan tsufa neurobiology yana da mahimmanci. Nazarin ya nuna cewa HBOT na iya inganta ƙarancin fahimi da ke da alaƙa da shekaru a cikin batutuwan tsofaffi masu lafiya.Bugu da ƙari, tsofaffi marasa lafiya waɗanda ke da ƙarancin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya sun nuna haɓakar fahimi da haɓakar jini na cerebral bayan bayyanar HBOT.
1. Tasirin HBOT akan Kumburi da damuwa na Oxidative
HBOT ya nuna ikon da za a iya sauƙaƙe neuroinflammation a cikin marasa lafiya da rashin aikin kwakwalwa mai tsanani. Yana da ikon saukar da cytokines pro-mai kumburi (irin su IL-1β, IL-12, TNFα, da IFNγ) yayin haɓaka cytokines anti-mai kumburi (kamar IL-10). Wasu masu bincike suna ba da shawarar cewa nau'in oxygen mai amsawa (ROS) wanda HBOT ya haifar yana daidaita tasirin fa'ida da yawa na maganin. Sakamakon haka, baya ga aikin rage kumfa mai dogaro da matsin lamba da kuma samun isasshen iskar oxygen jikewa, ingantattun sakamakon da ke da alaƙa da HBOT sun dogara da wani ɓangare na ayyukan physiological na ROS da aka samar.
2. Hanyoyin HBOT akan Apoptosis da Neuroprotection
Bincike ya nuna cewa HBOT na iya rage hippocampal phosphorylation na p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), daga baya inganta cognition da kuma rage hippocampal lalacewa. Dukansu HBOT na tsaye da kuma a hade tare da Ginkgo biloba tsantsa an samo su don rage bayyanar Bax da aikin caspase-9 / 3, wanda ya haifar da raguwar adadin apoptosis a cikin nau'in rodent wanda aβ25-35 ya haifar. Bugu da ƙari kuma, wani binciken ya nuna cewa HBOT preconditioning induced haƙuri da cerebral ischemia, tare da hanyoyin da suka shafi ƙara SIRT1 magana, tare da ƙara B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) matakan da rage aiki caspase-3, jaddada HBOT ta neuroprotective da anti-apoptotic Properties.
3. Tasirin HBOT akan Circulation daNeurogenesis
Bayyana batutuwa zuwa HBOT an haɗa su tare da tasiri masu yawa akan tsarin jijiyoyin jini na cranial, ciki har da haɓaka shingen shinge na jini-kwakwalwa, haɓaka angiogenesis, da rage edema. Baya ga samar da ƙarin iskar oxygen zuwa kyallen takarda, HBOTyana ƙarfafa samuwar jijiyoyin jinita hanyar kunna abubuwan rubutawa kamar abubuwan haɓakar jijiyoyi na endothelial na jijiyoyin jini da kuma haɓaka haɓakar ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi.
4. Epigenetic Effects na HBOT
Nazarin ya nuna cewa bayyanar da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta (HMEC-1) zuwa oxygen hyperbaric yana da mahimmancin tsarin kwayoyin halitta na 8,101, ciki har da maganganun da aka tsara da kuma raguwa, suna nuna karuwa a cikin maganganun kwayoyin da ke hade da hanyoyin amsawar antioxidant.
Kammalawa
Yin amfani da HBOT ya sami ci gaba mai mahimmanci a tsawon lokaci, yana tabbatar da samuwa, amincinsa, da aminci a aikin asibiti. Yayin da aka binciko HBOT a matsayin maganin kashe-kashe don NDDs kuma an gudanar da wasu bincike, akwai sauran buƙatu mai ƙarfi don ingantaccen nazari don daidaita ayyukan HBOT wajen magance waɗannan yanayi. Ƙarin bincike yana da mahimmanci don ƙayyade mafi kyawun magunguna da kuma tantance girman tasirin amfani ga marasa lafiya.
A taƙaice, haɗin gwiwar hyperbaric oxygen da cututtuka na neurodegenerative yana nuna iyaka mai ban sha'awa a cikin yiwuwar warkewa, yana ba da garantin ci gaba da bincike da tabbatarwa a cikin saitunan asibiti.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-16-2025