Cututtukan da ke lalata jijiyoyi(NDDs) ana siffanta su da raguwar ci gaba ko ci gaba da raguwar takamaiman ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi masu rauni a cikin kwakwalwa ko kashin baya. Rarraba NDDs na iya dogara ne akan sharuɗɗa daban-daban, gami da rarrabawar jijiyoyi na jijiyoyi (kamar cututtukan extrapyramidal, lalacewar frontotemporal, ko spinocerebellar ataxias), manyan matsalolin kwayoyin halitta (kamar amyloid-β, prions, tau, ko α-synuclein), ko manyan fasalulluka na asibiti (kamar cutar Parkinson, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, da dementia). Duk da waɗannan bambance-bambancen rarrabuwa da bayyanar alamun, cututtuka kamar Cutar Parkinson (PD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), da Cutar Alzheimer (AD) suna da tsari iri ɗaya wanda ke haifar da rashin aikin jijiyoyi da mutuwar ƙwayoyin halitta daga ƙarshe.
Da yake miliyoyin mutane a duk duniya suna fama da cutar NDDs, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta kiyasta cewa nan da shekarar 2040, waɗannan cututtuka za su zama babban sanadin mutuwa ta biyu a ƙasashe masu tasowa. Duk da cewa akwai magunguna daban-daban da ake da su don ragewa da kuma kula da alamun da ke tattare da takamaiman cututtuka, hanyoyin da za a iya bi don rage ko warkar da ci gaban waɗannan yanayi har yanzu ba su da tabbas. Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa an sauya yanayin magani daga sarrafa alamun kawai zuwa amfani da hanyoyin kariya daga ƙwayoyin cuta don hana ci gaba da lalacewa. Shaidu masu yawa sun nuna cewa damuwa da kumburi na oxidative suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin neurodegeneration, suna sanya waɗannan hanyoyin a matsayin mahimman abubuwan da za a yi don kare ƙwayoyin halitta. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, binciken tushe da na asibiti ya bayyana yuwuwar Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) wajen magance cututtukan neurodegenerative.
Fahimtar Maganin Oxygen na Hyperbaric (HBOT)
HBOT yawanci yana ƙunsar ƙara matsin lamba zuwa sama da yanayin 1 cikakke (ATA) - matsin lamba a matakin teku - na tsawon mintuna 90-120, sau da yawa yana buƙatar zaman da yawa dangane da takamaiman yanayin da ake magancewa. Ƙarfafa matsin lamba na iska yana inganta isar da iskar oxygen zuwa ƙwayoyin halitta, wanda hakan ke ƙarfafa yaduwar ƙwayoyin halitta kuma yana haɓaka hanyoyin warkarwa waɗanda wasu abubuwan ci gaba ke haifarwa.
Da farko, an kafa amfani da HBOT ne bisa dokar Boyle-Marriott, wadda ke nuna rage kumfa mai dogaro da matsin lamba, tare da fa'idodin yawan iskar oxygen a cikin kyallen takarda. Akwai nau'ikan cututtuka da aka sani suna amfana daga yanayin hyperoxic da HBOT ke samarwa, ciki har da kyallen necrotic, raunin radiation, rauni, ƙonewa, ciwon sashe, da gangrene na gas, da sauransu da ƙungiyar Undersea da Hyperbaric Medical Society ta lissafa. Abin lura shi ne, HBOT ta kuma nuna inganci a matsayin magani mai taimako a cikin nau'ikan cututtukan kumburi ko masu yaɗuwa, kamar colitis da sepsis. Ganin yadda yake da hanyoyin hana kumburi da oxidative, HBOT yana ba da babban damar a matsayin hanyar warkewa ga cututtukan neurodegenerative.
Nazarin Farko na Maganin Oxygen na Hyperbaric a Cututtukan Neurodegenerative: Fahimta daga Tsarin Mouse na 3×Tg
Ɗaya daga cikin binciken da aka fi sanisun mayar da hankali kan samfurin linzamin kwamfuta mai nauyin 3×Tg na cutar Alzheimer (AD), wanda ya nuna yuwuwar maganin HBOT wajen rage gibin fahimta. Binciken ya shafi beraye maza masu nauyin 3×Tg na watanni 17 idan aka kwatanta da beraye maza masu nauyin C57BL/6 na watanni 14 da ke aiki a matsayin masu sarrafawa. Binciken ya nuna cewa HBOT ba wai kawai ta inganta aikin fahimta ba, har ma ta rage kumburi, nauyin plaque, da Tau phosphorylation—wani muhimmin tsari da ke da alaƙa da cututtukan AD.
An danganta tasirin kariya na HBOT da raguwar kumburin jijiyoyi. Wannan ya nuna ta hanyar rage yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta, astrogliosis, da kuma fitar da cytokines masu kumburi. Waɗannan binciken sun jaddada rawar da HBOT ke takawa wajen haɓaka aikin fahimta yayin da a lokaci guda ke rage hanyoyin kumburi da ke da alaƙa da cutar Alzheimer.
Wani samfurin da aka yi amfani da shi kafin a fara amfani da shi ya yi amfani da beraye 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) don tantance hanyoyin kariya na HBOT akan aikin jijiyoyi da ƙarfin motsi. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa HBOT ya ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka aikin motsa jiki da ƙarfin riƙewa a cikin waɗannan beraye, yana da alaƙa da ƙaruwar siginar biogenesis na mitochondrial, musamman ta hanyar kunna SIRT-1, PGC-1α, da TFAM. Wannan yana nuna muhimmiyar rawar da aikin mitochondrial ke takawa a cikin tasirin kariya na jijiyoyi na HBOT.
Tsarin HBOT a cikin Cututtukan Neurodegenerative
Babban ƙa'idar amfani da HBOT don NDDs tana cikin alaƙar da ke tsakanin raguwar wadatar iskar oxygen da kuma saurin kamuwa da canje-canjen neurodegenerative. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a matsayin abin da ke ba da damar daidaitawar ƙwayoyin halitta zuwa ƙarancin iskar oxygen kuma an yi tasiri a cikin NDDs daban-daban ciki har da AD, PD, Huntington's Disease, da ALS, yana mai nuna shi a matsayin muhimmin abin da ake sa ran magunguna.
Saboda shekaru suna da muhimmiyar haɗari ga cututtukan neurodegenerative da yawa, binciken tasirin HBOT akan cututtukan neurobiology na tsufa yana da mahimmanci. Nazarin ya nuna cewa HBOT na iya inganta ƙarancin fahimta da suka shafi shekaru a cikin tsofaffi masu lafiya.Bugu da ƙari, tsofaffi marasa lafiya da ke da ƙananan raunin ƙwaƙwalwa sun nuna ci gaban fahimta da kuma ƙaruwar kwararar jini bayan an fallasa su ga HBOT.
1. Tasirin HBOT akan Kumburi da Damuwa Mai Tsanani
HBOT ta nuna ikon rage kumburin jijiyoyi a cikin marasa lafiya da ke fama da matsalar kwakwalwa mai tsanani. Tana da ikon rage cytokines masu hana kumburi (kamar IL-1β, IL-12, TNFα, da IFNγ) yayin da take haɓaka cytokines masu hana kumburi (kamar IL-10). Wasu masu bincike sun ba da shawarar cewa nau'ikan iskar oxygen masu amsawa (ROS) da HBOT ke samarwa suna haifar da tasirin amfani da dama na maganin. Saboda haka, baya ga aikin rage kumfa da ke dogara da matsin lamba da kuma samun isasshen iskar oxygen mai yawa a cikin kyallen, sakamakon da ya dace da HBOT ya dogara ne da rawar da ROS ɗin da aka samar ke takawa.
2. Tasirin HBOT akan Apoptosis da Neuroprotection
Bincike ya nuna cewa HBOT na iya rage phosphorylation na hippocampal na p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), daga baya yana inganta fahimta da rage lalacewar hippocampal. An gano cewa duka HBOT mai zaman kansa da kuma tare da haɗin gwiwar Ginkgo biloba extract suna rage bayyanar Bax da aikin caspase-9/3, wanda ke haifar da raguwar ƙimar apoptosis a cikin samfuran beraye da aβ25-35 ya haifar. Bugu da ƙari, wani bincike ya nuna cewa HBOT preconditioning yana haifar da haƙuri ga cerebral ischemia, tare da hanyoyin da suka haɗa da ƙaruwar bayyanar SIRT1, tare da ƙara matakan B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) da rage yawan caspase-3 mai aiki, wanda ke nuna kaddarorin kariya daga neuroprotective da anti-apoptotic na HBOT.
3. Tasirin HBOT akan Zagayawa da kumaJijiyoyin Jijiyoyi
Bayyanar da mutanen da ke fama da HBOT yana da alaƙa da tasiri da yawa akan tsarin jijiyoyin kwakwalwa, gami da haɓaka damar shiga shingen jini da kwakwalwa, haɓaka angiogenesis, da rage kumburi. Baya ga samar da ƙarin iskar oxygen ga kyallen takarda, HBOT yana da alaƙa da haɓaka iskar oxygen ga kyallen takarda.yana haɓaka samuwar jijiyoyin jinita hanyar kunna abubuwan da ke haifar da rubutu kamar sinadarin ci gaban jijiyoyin jini da kuma ta hanyar ƙarfafa yaduwar ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi.
4. Tasirin Epigenetic na HBOT
Bincike ya nuna cewa fallasa ƙwayoyin endothelial na ɗan adam (HMEC-1) ga iskar oxygen mai yawan gaske yana daidaita kwayoyin halitta 8,101, gami da haɓakar magana da raguwar tsari, wanda ke nuna ƙaruwar bayyanar kwayoyin halitta da ke da alaƙa da hanyoyin amsawar antioxidant.
Kammalawa
Amfani da HBOT ya samu ci gaba mai yawa a tsawon lokaci, yana tabbatar da samuwarsa, amincinsa, da amincinsa a aikin asibiti. Duk da cewa an binciki HBOT a matsayin magani mara lakabi ga NDDs kuma an gudanar da wasu bincike, har yanzu akwai buƙatar yin nazari mai zurfi don daidaita ayyukan HBOT wajen magance waɗannan yanayi. Ƙarin bincike yana da mahimmanci don tantance mafi kyawun mitar magani da kuma tantance girman tasirin amfani ga marasa lafiya.
A taƙaice, haɗuwar iskar oxygen mai yawa da cututtukan neurodegenerative suna nuna kyakkyawan yanayi a cikin yiwuwar warkewa, wanda ke ba da tabbacin ci gaba da bincike da tabbatarwa a cikin saitunan asibiti.
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-16-2025